تأثیر زمان و میزان کاهش تراکم‌ بوته بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی چغندرقند

نویسندگان

1 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشارزی، کرج، ایران

2 وزارت جهاد کشاورزی، تهران

چکیده

تراکم بوته عامل مهم و مؤثری بر عملکرد و کیفیت محصول ریشه چغندرقند محسوب می‌شود. به‌دلیل اهمیت زمان ایجاد تراکم استاندارد در مزرعه و ارزیابی نحوه تأثیر تغییرات زمان و شدت کاهش تراکم بوته در طول فصل رشد روی عملکرد کمی و کیفی چغندرقند رقم دورتی (Doretti) در دو سال 1390 و 1391 در کرج، این آزمایش به شکل فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار اجرا شد. عوامل موردآزمایش شامل زمان کاهش تراکم‌بوته (در چهار سطح 30، 60، 90 و 120 روز پس از کاشت) و سطوح نهایی تراکم بوته (در شش سطح 5/12، 375/9، 375/8، 25/6، 125/4 و 125/3 بوته در مترمربع) بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که زمان کاهش تراکم‌بوته عمدتاً روی محصول تولیدشده در هر بوته اثر معنی‌داری داشت و بیشترین عملکرد ریشه (53/1-49/1 کیلوگرم در بوته) و شکر خام (21/0-20/0 کیلوگرم در بوته) با کاهش تراکم‌بوته طی 60-30 روز پس از کاشت حاصل شد. بیشترین عملکرد در بوته (92/1-74/1 کیلوگرم ریشه و 26/0-24/0 کیلوگرم شکرخام) و در واحد سطح (54/95-81/89 تُن ریشه در هکتار و 97/12-06/12 تُن شکر خام در هکتار) به‌ترتیب برای تراکم 5/4-4/3 و 2/10-7/7 بوته در مترمربع حاصل شد. در مجموع، کاهش تعداد بوته طی 60-30 روز پس از کاشت و ایجاد تراکم معادل 5/12-4/8 بوته در مترمربع متضمن دستیابی به حداکثر عملکرد محصول در مناطق آب و هوایی معتدل (مشابه کرج) بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Plant Population Reduction Time and Rate on Sugar Beet Yield and Quality

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Sadeghzadeh Hemayati 1
  • M. Khodagoo Abianeh 2
  • P. Fasahat 1
1 Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
2 Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Plant population is an essential factor affecting yield and quality of sugar beet. To determine the effects of plant polpulation reduction time and rate during the growing season on quantitative and qualitative yield of sugar beet in 2011 and 2012, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with four replications was conducted in Karaj. The studied factors included density reduction time (at four levels of 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing) and final density levels (at six levels of 12.5, 9.375, 8.375, 6.25, 4.125, and 3.125 plantm-2). Results showed that plant population reduction time significantly affected the crop produced by the plants in most cases and the highest root yield (1.49-1.53 kgplant-1) and crude sugar yield (0.20-0.21 kgplant-1) was obtained by plant reduction during 30-60 days after sowing. The highest yield per plant (1.74-1.92 kg root and 0.24-0.26 kg sugar) and per unit area (89.81-95.54t oot per ha and 12.06-12.97t sugar per ha) was obtained from the densities of 3.4-4.5 and 7.7-10.2 plantm-2, respectively. Overall, reduction time during 30-60 days after sowing and reaching to the plant population of 8.4-12.5 plantm-2 after reduction would ensure the maximum crop yield in moderate regions, Iran (like Karaj).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sugar beet
  • plant density
  • plant reduction time
  • yield
  • crude suar

مراجع

Azizi, G. 1999. The effects of planting date, density and harvest date on some agronomical and physiological characteristics of sugar beet in Chenaran. MSc. Thesis, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zabol, Iran. 106 pp. (in Persian).
 
Ball, R. A., Purcell, L. C., and Vories, E. D. 2000. Optimizing soybean plant population for a short-season production system in the southern USA. Crop Science 40: 757-764.
 
Bayat, A. 1998. Evaluation of plant density and harvest date on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three monogerm sugar beet. MSc. Thesis, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran (in Persian).
 
Bayat, A., Latifi, N., Mohammadian, R., and Galeshi, S. 2001. Evaluation of plant density effect on technological maturity of three sugar beet cultivars. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Sciences 32(2): 275-284.
 
Bhullar, M. S., Uppal, S. K., and Kapur, M. L. 2010. Influence of planting density and nitrogen dose on root and sugar yield of beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under sub-tropical semi-arid conditions of Punjab. Journal Research of Punjab Agricultural University 47: 7-14.
 
Board, J. 2000. Light interception efficiency and light quality affect yield compensation of soybean at low plant populations. Crop Science 40: 1285-1294.
 
Cakmakci, R., and Oral, E. 2002. Root yield and quality of sugar beet in relation to sowing date, plant population and harvesting date interactions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 26: 133-139.
 
Cattanach, A. W. 1979. Comparison of 22 vs. 30 inch row spacings at equal plant populations. Sugar Beet Research and Extension Reports 10: 198-203.
 
Cattanach, A. W. 1993. Effect of greater than recommended plant populations on sugarbeet yield and quality. Sugar Beet Research and Extension Reports 24: 314-319.
 
Clover, G. R. G., Jaggard, K. W., Smith, H. G., and Azam, S. N. 2001. The use of radiation interception and transpiration to predict the yield of healthy, droughted and virus-infected sugar beet. Journal of Agricultural Science 136(2): 169-178.
 
Echoff, J. L. A., Halverson, A. D., Weiss, M. J., and Borbaman, J. W. 1991. Seed spacing for nonthined sugar beet production. Agronomy Journal 83: 929-932.
 
Emadi, A. 2001. Effects of plant density and nitrogen levels on sugar beet in Koshkak region in Fars province. MSc. Thesis, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran (in Persian).
 
Garcia, J. E., and Lopez Bellido, L. 1986. Growth and yield of autumn-sown sugar beet: Effects of sowing time, plant density and cultivar. Field Crops Research 14: 1-14.
 
Ghaemi, A. 1993. Effects of plant density on quantitative and qualitative characteristis and anatomi of four sugar beet cultivars. MSc. Thesis, Mashhad University, Mashhad, Iran (in Persian).
 
Habibi, D., Nourmohammadi, G., Karimi Abadchi, M. M., Majidi Heravan, A., and Darvish, F. 2004. Effects of planting date and plant density on root yield and sugar content of sugar beet. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Sciences 10 (1): 22-33 (in Persion).
 
Hodanova, D. 1975. Chlorophyll, leaf area-dry weight indices and PhAR attenuation in developing sugar beet canopy. Photosynthetica 9(2): 211-215.
 
Hole, C. C., Thomas, T. H., and McKee, J. M. T. 1984. Sink development and dry matter distribution in storage root crops. Plant Growth Regulation 2(4): 347-358.
 
Hosseinpour, M. 1996. Effects of nitrogen, potassium and plant density interaction on quantitative and qualitative yield of sugar beet in Dezful region. MSc. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
 
Ismail, A. M. A., and Allam, S. M. 2007. Yield and technological traits of sugar beet as affected by planting density, phosphorus and potassium fertilization. Proceedings of the 3rd Conferrence of Sustainable Agricultural Development. Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Pakistan. pp. 15-28.
 
Jafarnia, B., Ghorbani, R., Zare Feizabady, A., and Ghaemi, A.R. 2013. Impact of crop density and soil fertilization on sugar beet. International Journal of Crop Science 5(24): 2991-2999.
 
Kenter, C., Hoffmann, C. M., and Märländer, B. 2006. Effects of weather variables on sugar beet yield development (Beta vulgaris L.). European Journal of Agronomy 24(1): 62-69.
 
Kerkij, P. 2001. The effects of plant density on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of autumn-planting sugar beet in Sistan. MSc. Thesis, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zabol, Iran (in Persian).
 
Khodadadian, J. 1992. Advances in Production of Sugar Beet. Iran's Sugar Factories Syndicate Press, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
 
Lauer, J. G. 1995. Plant density and nitrogen rate effects on sugar beet yield and quality early in harvest. Agronomy Journal 87: 586-591.
 
Masri, M. I. 2008. Effect of nitrogen level and planting density on sugar beet yield and its attributes. Egypt Jornal of Agronomy 30: 119-36.
 
Minx, L. 1993. The effect of row spacing on the productive utilization of distances between plants by the sugar beet stand. Rostlinna Vyroba 39(6): 531-541.
 
Ohtake, M., Saito, H., and Kanzawa, K. 1997. Relation between root dry matter production and cumulative solar radiation. Proceedings of Japanese Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 39: 108-114.
 
Reigtnig, P. J. 1989. Effect of plant-to stand spacing on sugarbeet production. Beet Research and Extension Reports 20: 157-162.
 
Sadeghzadeh Hemayati, S. 2008. Effects of some agronomical factors on light absorbption, growth and yield of sugar beet. Ph. D. Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
 
Sadre, P., Soleymani, A., and Javanmard, H. R. 2012. Root yield and quality traits of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in relation to nitrogen fertilizer and plant density in isfahan region. International Journal of Crop Science 4: 1504-07.
 
Schiphouwer, T. 1991. Cultivar, soil and climate fix the yield. Maandbla Suiker Unie 25(9): 9-10.
 
Scott, R. K., and Jaggard, K. W. 1978a. How the crop grows-from seed to sugar. British Sugar Beet Review 46(4): 19-22.
 
Scott, R. K., and Jaggard, K. W. 1978b. Theoretical criteria for maximum yield. pp. 179-198. In: Proceedings of the 41st Winter Congress. Institut Int. de Recherches, Betteravieres, France.
 
Scott, R. K., and Jaggard, K. W. 1992. Crop growth and weather: can yield forecasts be reliable? 55e Congres d'hiver, Bruxelles, Palais des Congres, pp. 169-187.
 
Scott, R.K. , and Jaggard, K. W. 1993. Crop physiology. pp. 279-309. In: Cooke, D. A., and Scott, R. K. (ed.) The Sugar Beet Crop: Science into Practice. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
 
Shukla, S. K., and Awasthi, S. K. 2013. Sugarbeet: A supplement to sugarcane in non-traditional areas to meet future sugar demand. Souvenir- IISR-Industry Interface on Research and Development Initiatives for Sugarbeet in India, 28-29 May, Sugarbeet Breeding Outpost of IISR IVRI Campus, Mukteswar-263138, Nainital. Organised by Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (ICAR) and Association of Sugarcane Technologists of India. pp. 55-57.
 
Singh Brar, N., Singh Dhillon, B., Saini, K. S., and Sharma P. K. 2015. Agronomy of sugarbeet cultivation. A review. Agricultural Reviews 36 (3): 184-197.
 
Smith, G. A., and Martin, S. S. 1997. Effects of plant density and nitrogen fertility on purity components of sugar beet. Crop Science 17: 479-172.
 
Smith, G. A., Martin, S. S., and Ash, K. A. 1977. Path coefficient analysis of sugarbeet purity components. Crop Science 17: 249-253.
 
Smith, L. 1979. Plant population effects on sugarbeet yield and quality factors. Sugar Beet Research and Extension Reports 10: 189-192.
 
Sogut, T., and Aroglu, H. 2004. Plant density and sowing date effects on sugarbeet yield and quality. Journal of Agronomy 3(3): 215-218.
 
Stibbe, C., and Marlander, B. 2002. Field emergence dynamics significance to intraspecific competition and growth efficiency in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). European Journal of Agronomy 17: 161-171.
 
Vandendriessche, H. J. 2000. A model of growth and sugar accumulation of sugar beet for potential production conditions: SUBEMOpo. I. Theory and model structure. Agricultural Systems 64: 1-19.
 
Wyse, R. 1979. Parameters controlling sucrose content and yield of sugar beet roots. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 20(4): 268-385.
 
 
به زراعی نهال و بذر
دوره 33، شماره 2
بهمن 1396
صفحه 231-248

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار