گزینش مقدماتی تعدادی از پایه‌های گلابی برای تحمل به تنش کسر آبیاری بر اساس شاخص‌های رشد و فیزیولوژیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

2 پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

تحمل به تنش خشکی از خصوصیات مهم مرتبط با پرورش درخت گلابی و انتخاب نوع پایه مورد استفاده برای احداث باغ می‌باشد. بر این اساس در تحقیق حاضر، ارزیابی شاخص‌های رشد و فیزیولوژیک مرتبط با تنش کسر آبیاری در پایه‌های کشت بافتی درگزی، Pyrus betulifolia، پیرودوارف، OH×F69 و OH×F87 در سه شرایط بدون تنش، آبیاری در 75 و 50 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه در شرایط گلخانه‌ای طی 60 روز از اعمال تنش بررسی شد. پایه‌های P. betulifolia و OH×F87 بر اساس دو شاخص سرعت رشد نسبی و تعداد برگ (tgαln) به ترتیب بالاترین و کمترین سرعت رشد و همچنین تحمل به تنش کسر آبیاری را نشان دادند. ارزیابی ماهانه شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک محتوای نسبی آب برگ، میزان پرولین، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول کل و پروتئین و همچنین پایداری غشاء و نشت یونی نشان داد که پایه P. betulifolia با 1/72 درصد پائین‌ترین میزان محتوای نسبی آب برگ را در شرایط بدون تنش داشت. لیکن با توجه به کاهش بیشتر شاخص محتوای نسبی آب برگ به 1/57 و 3/58 درصد در دوره‌های 30 و 60 روزه در تنش 50 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه که پائین‌تر از اغلب پایه‌ها بجز OH×F87 بود، دارای بالاترین قدرت رشد در شرایط تنش بود. جمع بندی نتایج نشان داد که ترتیب نزولی تحمل به تنش کسر آبیاری در پایه P. betulifolia، پیرودوارف، OH×F69، پایه درگزی و در نهایت پایه OH×F87 بود که بیانگر لزوم انجام ارزیابی‌های تکمیلی به منظور انتخاب پایه مناسب برای احداث باغ گلابی در شرایط واجد تنش کسر آبیاری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Preliminary Selection of Some Pear Rootstocks for Tolerance to Deficit Irrigation Stress Based on the Growth and Physiological Indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Zohuri 1
  • Hamid Abdollahi 2
  • Issa. Arji 3
  • Vahid Abdossi 1
1 Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Tolerance to drought stress is important characteristic related to growth of pear trees and selection of rootstocks for orchard establishment. In this research, growth and physiological indices were evaluated in several pear rootstocks including; micropropagated Dargazi, Pyrus betulifolia and three clonal rootstocks; Pyrodwarf, OH×F69 and OH×F87 after 60 days in deficit irrigation conditions. Deficit irrigation levels were 75% and 50% of filed capacity and non- stress condition as control were implementend in greenhouse. P. betulifolia and OH×F87 rootstocks demonstrated the highest and lowest growth rate and tolerance to the deficit irrigation conditions based on relative growth rate (RGR) and leaf number (tgαln). Monthly evaluation of leaf relative water content (RWC), proline, total carbohydrates and total proteins as well as membrane stability and electrolyte leakage showed that P. betulifolia with 72.1% RWC had the lowest level of this index in optimal (control) condition. However, despite the highest reduction of RWC to 57.1 and 58.3, on 30 and 60 days after deficit irrigation, respectively, in P. betulifolia, this rootstock could maintain the highest growth rate. Based on the results of this research the highest levels of tolerance to the deficit irrigation was observed in P. betulifolia followed by Pyrodwarf, OH×F69, Dargazi and finally OH×F87 rootstocks, respectively. These results showed the importance of selection of tolerant pear rootstocks and need for further orchard evaluation of them for establishment of pear orchards in stressful conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Pear
  • drought stress
  • Pyrus betulifolia Bunge
  • Pyrodwarf
  • OH×F series
  • greenhouse condition

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به زراعی نهال و بذر
دوره 35، شماره 2
آذر 1398
صفحه 285-302

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