تاثیر اقلیم و نظام‌هاى خاک‌ورزى بر عملکرد گندم و نخود در مناطق دیم لرستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

2 گروه مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران روستایی، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان، شهر ملاثانی، شهرستان باوی، خوزستان، ایران.

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر اقلیم و نظام‏های خاک‏ورزی بر عملکرد گندم و نخود دیم در استان لرستان، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار با سه نظام خاک‏ورزی شامل خاک‏ورزی مرسوم، خاک‏ورزی کاهشی و بی‌خاک‏ورزی، طی دو سال زراعی 97-1396 در دو مزرعه (گندم و نخود) به طور جداگانه در سه اقلیم سرد (نورآباد)، گرم (کوهدشت) و معتدل (خرم‌آباد) استان لرستان اجرا شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها در دو سال آزمایش، اثر ساده اقلیم و اثر نظام‌هاى خاک‌ورزى بر عملکرد دانه گندم و وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک؛ همچنین اثرات متقابل اقلیم و نظام‌هاى خاک‌ورزى بر عملکرد دانه نخود، درصد رطوبت حجمی، درصد کربن آلی و دمای خاک معنی‌دار بود. نتایج در هر سه منطقه استان نشان داد که، بیشترین عملکرد دانه گندم در شهرستان خرم‌آباد (22/2512 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در نظام خاک‏ورزی کاهشی (78/2422 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و بیشترین عملکرد دانه نخود در شهرستان کوهدشت در نظام خاک‏ورزی کاهشی (8/1828 کیلوگرم در هکتار) حاصل شد. علاوه بر این، کمترین وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک در شهرستان کوهدشت، در نظام خاک‏ورزی مرسوم (29/1 گرم بر سانتی‌متر مکعب) به دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین درصد رطوبت حجمی (09/22 درصد)، بیشترین درصد کربن آلی (01/2 درصد) و کمترین دمای خاک (7/21 درجه سانتی‌گراد) در شهرستان خرم‌آباد در نظام بی خاک‏ورزی به دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Grain Yield of Wheat and Chickpea and Some Soil Properties as Affected by Different Tillage Systems Under Dryland Farming Conditions of Lorestan Province in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzad Zallaghi 1
  • Ahmad Ghanbari 1
  • Mohsen Mousavi Nik 1
  • Alireza Cyrus Mehr 1
  • Mohammad Amin Asoudar 2
1 Department of agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran.
2 Agricultural Mechanization Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Rural Engineering, Agricultural and Natural Resources University of Ramin Khouzestan, Molasani Town, Bawi City, Khouzestan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To investigate the effect of climate and tillage system on rainfed wheat and chickpea grain yield and some soil properties in Lorestan province, an experiment was conducted as factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. Three tillage systems included: conventional tillage, minimum tillage, and no-tillage, in three cold climates (Nurabad), warm (Kuhdasht) and temperate (Khorramabad) in Lorestan province, Iran, in 2017-18 cropping seasons. Combined analysis of variance revealed that the effect of climate and tillage systems on wheat grain yield and soil bulk density as well as climate and tillage system interaction effect on chickpea grain yield, soil volumetric moisture content, organic carbon content, and soil temperature was significant. The results showed that the highest wheat grain yield (2512.22 kg ha-1) obtained in Kuhdasht and between tillage systems in minimum tillage system (2422.78 kgha-1). The highest grain yield of chickpea obtained in Kuhdasht under the minimum tillage system (1828.8 kg ha-1). The lowest soil bulk density (1.29 g cm-3) obtained in Kuhdasht under conventional tillage system. The highest soil volumetric moisture content (22.09 %), the highest soil organic carbon (2.01 %), and the lowest soil temperature (21.7 ◦C) obtained in Khorramabad under no-tillage system. The results of this research showed that the highest grain yield obtained in the minimum tillage system, and lowest in no-tillage system for both crops. There was no significant difference between conventional tillage and no-tillage system for grain yield of wheat. Kuhdasht had the lowest soil bulk density under the conventional tillage system which was not significantly different from minimum tillage in Khorramabad. Based on the results of this research, grain yield of wheat and chickpea and soil properties were reasonable under minimum tillage system in dryland farming of Lorestan province in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conservation tillage
  • no-tillage
  • minimum tillage
  • crop rotation
  • organic carbon

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به زراعی نهال و بذر
دوره 35، شماره 2
آذر 1398
صفحه 245-260

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