رابطه بین اندازه و نوع شاخه با میوه‌دهی در برخی از ارقام پسته (Pistacia vera L.) در شرایط اقلیمی خراسان رضوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

جوانه‌های گل پسته روی شاخه‌های جانبی و انتهایی رشد سال جاری و میوه‌دهی روی شاخه‌های یک ساله انجام می‌شود. برای افزایش عملکرد و محصول انتخاب بهترین شاخه‌های بارده از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. در این راستا پژوهش حاضر به منظور تعیین رابطه بین اندازه و نوع شاخه با میوه‌دهی در سه رقم عباسعلی، اکبری و بادامی سفید فیض‌آباد در سال‌های باغی 1390 تا 1392 در کلکسیون ارقام پسته ایستگاه تحقیقات پسته فیض‌آباد خراسان رضوی و در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. روی هر درخت 10 شاخه اصلی انتخاب و روی آن‌ها طول و قطر وسط شاخه انتهایی و شاخه‌های جانبی و تعداد جوانه گل ثبت گردید. پس از برداشت میوه صفات مهمی از جمله تعداد پسته در خوشه، درصد پسته‌های پوک، تعداد دانه در اُونس و درصد مغز محاسبه و مورد تجزیه آماری قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که همبستگی منفی و معنی‌دار بین قطر شاخه انتهایی با تعداد میوه در خوشه (*67/0- = r)، بین تعداد جوانه گل ریزش کرده با وزن جوانه گل روی شاخه جانبی (*64/0- = r)، بین درصد میوه پوک با وزن جوانه گل روی شاخه انتهایی (*78/0- = r) و همچنین بین تعداد جوانه گل روی شاخه انتهایی و وزن خشک میوه (**84/0- = r) وجود داشت. همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار (*79/0 = r) بین طول شاخه جانبی با تعداد جوانه گل روی شاخه جانبی مشاهده شد. اثر سال بر تعداد و طول شاخه جانبی، قطر شاخه انتهایی، جوانه گل ریزش کرده در شاخه جانبی، وزن جوانه گل در شاخه انتهایی و جانبی و اُنس در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر و به منظور افزایش محصول باغ‌های پسته توصیه می‌شود ضمن توجه به کیفیت و اندازه شاخه‌ها در گل و میوه‌دهی، مدیریت لازم برای جلوگیری از رشد زیاد شاخه‌های انتهایی و همچنین ایجاد زمینه تحریک رشد شاخه‌های جانبی انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship Between Size and Type of Shoot with Fruit Bearing in Some Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Cultivars Under Khorasan Razavi Climatic Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Sherafati 1
  • K. Arzani 2
1 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Crops Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Professor, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In pistachio flower buds is formed on the lateral and terminal branches of current growth and bearing happens on one-year-old branches. To achieve higher yield, the production and selection of the best bearing shoots is important in the orchard management. The aim of this research was to explore and determine the relationship between size and type of shoot with fruit bearing in some pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars under Khorasan Razavi climatic conditions. This research was carried out using randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012 and 2014 in pistachio collection orchard at the pistachio research station of Feizabad, Khorasan Resavi province, Iran. Three pistachio cultivars including: Abbasali, Akbari and Badami-Sefid were evaluated. The results showed negative significant correlation between diameter of terminal shoot and the number of nuts on cluster of terminal branch (r = -0.67*), and between the number of flower buds on lateral shoot and the weight of flower bud on lateral shoot (r = -0.64*). There was also negative significant correlation between the percentage of blank nut and the weight of flower buds on terminal shoot (r = -0.78*), and between the number of flower bud on terminal shoots and the weight of dry nut in terms of ounce (r = -0.84**). On the other hand, there was positive significant correlation (r = 0.79*) between lateral shoot length and the number of flower bud. The effect of year on the number and length of lateral shoots, diameter of terminal shoots, abscised flower buds on lateral shoots, the weight of flower buds on the terminal and lateral shoots and the weight of nuts was significant (P < 0.01). There was not significant correlation between diameter and length of terminal shoots and the number of flower buds, but there was positive correlation between lateral shoot length and the number of flower buds. Therefore, any orchard management prectices that prevent the excess growth of terminal shoots and also increase the growth of lateral shoots will lead to increasing pistachio yield. In conclusion, the results of this research will be useful for the orchard management and suitable pistachio trees pruning for higher yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pistachio
  • lateral branch
  • shoot growth
  • flower bud
  • kernel percentage

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به زراعی نهال و بذر
دوره 35، شماره 2
آذر 1398
صفحه 203-219

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