خصوصیات رشد و عملکرد دانه بادام زمینی (Arachis hypogaea L.) تحت تاثیر ارتفاع برش و روش‌های کاربرد نانوکلات‌های روی و کلسیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تاکستان، تاکستان، ایران

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، رشت، ایران.

3 استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تاکستان

4 استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تاکستان، تاکستان، ایران

5 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تاکستان، تاکستان، ایران

چکیده

بادام زمینی یکی از مهمترین گیاهان خانواده حبوبات و غنی از روغن و پروتئین است. سرزنی بادام زمینی از نظر نفوذ نور خورشید به داخل سایه‌انداز گیاه و تغذیه معدنی گیاه برای بهبود عملکرد بادام زمینی ضروری است. این آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان (رشت) در سال‌های زراعی 1395 و 1396 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل عدم سرزنی ساقه اصلی، سرزنی ساقه اصلی از ارتفاع ده و بیست سانتی‌متری به عنوان عامل اصلی و استفاده از نانوکود کلات روی، کلسیم و ترکیب روی + کلسیم به روش خاکی، کاربرد نانوکود کلات روی، کلسیم و روی + کلسیم به روش محلول‌پاشی و مصرف نانو کود کلات روی، کلسیم و روی + کلسیم به روش توأم اکی و محلول‌پاشی به عنوان عامل فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد غلاف در بوته (47/24)، وزن صد دانه (19/82 گرم)، عملکرد دانه (2722 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد زیست‌توده (6540 کیلوگرم) و شاخص برداشت (53/57) و غلظت روی دانه (08/12 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) در تیمار محلول‌پاشی نانوکود کلات روی و سرزنی ساقه اصلی بادام زمینی از ارتفاع بیست سانتی‌متری به دست آمد. بالاترین غلظت کلسیم دانه (86/35 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) در شرایط محلول‌پاشی نانوکود کلات کلسیم و سرزنی ساقه اصلی از ارتفاع بیست سانتی‌متری مشاهده شد. به نظر می‌رسد که کاربرد نانو کود کلات روی و سرزنی بوته‌ها از ارتفاع بیست سانتی‌متری به دلیل افزایش ظرفیت فتوسنتزی گیاه و نفوذ نور به داخل سایه‌انداز گیاهی منجر به افزایش عملکرد بادام زمینی در شرایط اقلیمی گیلان شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Growth Characteristics and Seed Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) as Affected by Topping Height and Application Methods of Zinc and Calcium Nano Chelates

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Nobahar 1
  • Marefat Mostafavi Rad 2
  • Hamidreza Zakerin 3
  • Saeed Syfzadeh 4
  • Ali Reza Valadabady 5
1 Ph. D Student, Agronomy Depertment, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad Uiversity, Takestan, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof., Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
3 Associate Proof., Department of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Agronomy Department, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad Uiversity, Takestan, Iran
5 Associate Prof., Agronomy Department, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad Uiversity, Takestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Peanut is one of the most important legume crop and rich in oil and protein. Topping of peanuts is important for penetration of solar radiant into canopy, and mineral nutrients improve peanut seed yield. This experiment was carried out as split plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications in research station of Guilan agricultural and natural resources research and education center, Rasht, Iran, in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. Experimental treatments included: no topping topping, of main stem at 10 and 20 centimeters height above the soil surface were assigned to main plots and 10 treatments: non application of nano chelate as check, soil application of Zn, Ca and Zn+Ca, foliar application of Zn, Ca and Zn+Ca nano chelates and integrated application methods of Zn, Ca and Zn+Ca nano chelates as sub plots. The results showed that the highest seed yield (2722 kgha-1), pod number per plant (24.47), 100-seed weight (82.19 g), biological yield (6540 kgha-1), harvest index (57.53 %) and seed Zn content (12.08 ppm) obtained in foliar application of Zn nano chelates and topping of main stem at 20 centimeters above the soil surface. The highest seed Ca content (35.86 ppm) was measured under foliar application of Ca nano chelates and toppin of main stem at 20 centimeters above the soil surface. It was concluded that the foliar application of Zn nano chelates and topping of the main stem at 20 centimeters enhanced seed yield due to photosynthetic capacity increment and increasing of solar radiation penetration into the canopy of peanut under Guilan climatic conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Peanut
  • topping
  • 100 seed weight
  • seed yield
  • harvest index

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به زراعی نهال و بذر
دوره 35، شماره 2
آذر 1398
صفحه 183-201

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