پاسخ عملکرد و کیفیت روغن دانه ژنوتیپ‌های کنجد بومی ایران به تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی (UMA) و مربی پژوهش مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر (SPII)، سازمان تحقیقات،

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی (UMA)،

3 دانشیار پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران (ABRII)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)،

4 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی (AERI)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)

چکیده

تنش خشکی از عوامل محیطی مهمی است که بر عملکرد و کیفیت محصول کنجد تاثیر می‌گذارد. در این راستا هشت ژنوتیپ کنجد به همراه ارقام اولتان و داراب1 در شرایط عادی و تنش خشکی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های 1393 و 1394، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر در کرج، از نظر عملکرد دانه و ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی روغن ارزیابی شدند. خشکی باعث کاهش 1/45 درصد عملکرد دانه، 5/2 درصد روغن دانه، و 24 درصد اسید چرب پالمیتولئیک، و افزایش 4/99 درصد قدرت آنتی اکسیدانی روغن، 9/18 درصد لیگنان‌های روغن و 6/15 درصد پروتئین خام دانه شد. در واقع خشکی باعث بهبود کیفیت روغن گردید. ژنوتیپ KC50662 در هر دو شرایط، عملکرد مناسبی داشت و همچنین 3/5 درصد روغن آن بیش از شاهد اولتان بود و کمترین میزان اسید چرب مضر پالمیتیک (5/8 درصد) بعد از رقم اولتان (2/8 درصد) و ژنوتیپ KC50687 را داشت. همچنین مقادیر بیشتر اسیدهای چرب مفید اولئیک (1/47 درصد) و پالمیتولئیک (094/0 درصد) نسبت به شاهد (به ترتیب 1/43 و 072/0 درصد) داشت. این ژنوتیپ دارای میزان پائین‌تر اسید چرب اشباع استئاریک (7 /4 درصد)، میزان بالاتر اسید چرب مفید لینولئیک (42 درصد) نسبت به شاهد (به ترتیب 4/5 و 7/38 درصد) و مقدار بالاتر کل لیگنان‌های روغن (4237 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) و قدرت آنتی‌اکسیدانی 5/23 میکرومول در لیتر پایین‌تر نسبت به شاهد (به ترتیب 3541 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم و 9/33 میکرومول در لیتر) بود. شاخص‌های تحمل و حساسیت ژنوتیپKC50662 را با پتانسیل عملکرد بالا و ژنوتیپ‌های KC50658، KC50687 و KC50983 را به عنوان متحمل شناسایی کردند. ژنوتیپ KC50662 با توجه به عملکرد بالا در دو شرایط عادی و تنش و خصوصیات مطلوب کیفیت روغن به عنوان ژنوتیپ برتر شناسایی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of Seed Yield and Oil Quality of Iranian Native Sesame Genotypes to Drought Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Abbasali 1
  • Abdoulghayom Gholipouri 2
  • Ahmad Tobeh 2
  • Nayer Azam KhoshKholgh Sima 3
  • Behjat Tajeddin 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Agro-ecology, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Mohghegh Ardabili University (UMA) and Research Instructor of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Mohghegh Ardabili University (UMA), Iran
3 Associate Professor, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
4 Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
چکیده [English]

Eight sesame genotypes along with Oltan and Darab1 cultivars were evaluated for seed yield and oil biochemical traits using randomized complete block design with there replications under normal and drought stress conditions in Karaj, Iran, in 2014 and 2015. Drought reduced seed yield by 45.1 %, oil content by 2.5%, palmitoleic fatty acid by 24.0%, and increased the antioxidant power of oil by 99.4%, total lignin of oil by 18.9 and seed crude protein by 15.6%. In fact, drought stress had a beneficial effect on seed oil quality. Genotype KC50662 had reasonable yield under two conditions. In addition, its seed oil content was 5.3% higher than cv. Oltan. This genotype had the lowest amount of harmful palmitic fatty acid (8.5%) second next to Oltan cultivar (8.2%). This genotype had more beneficial oleic (47.1%) and palmitoleic (0.09%) fatty acids compared to cv. Oltan (43.1% and 0.07%, respectively). This genotype also had lower level of stearic acid (4.7%), higher level of linoleic acid (42.0%), higher level of lignans (4237 mg kg-1), and lower level of antioxidants power (23.5 µmol L-1) compared to cv. Oltan (5.4%, 38.7%, 3541mg kg-1, and 33.9 µmol L-1, respectively). Tolerance and susceptibility indices could identify genotype KC 50662 as high yielding, and KC 50658, KC 50687 and KC 50983 as tolerant genotypes. In conclusion, genotype KC50662 was identified as superior genotype with high seed yield, in both normal and stress conditions, and oil quality properties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sesame
  • abiotic stress
  • tolerance
  • seed yield
  • saturated fatty acid

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به زراعی نهال و بذر
دوره 35، شماره 2
آذر 1398
صفحه 133-157

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