ارزیابی برخی از پاسخ‌های مورفو- فیزیولوژیکی ژنوتیپ‌های مرکبات به تنش شوری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 استاد، گروه علوم باغبانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه گرمسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران

4 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی و شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به شوری، برخی از دانهال‌های مرکبات غربال شده نسبت به شوری موجود در کلکسیون مرکز تحقیقات مرکبات رامسر و ایستکاه تحقیقاتی داراب و ژنوتیپ‌های تجاری متحمل (کلئوپاترا ماندارین) و حساس (ترویر سیترنج) در سه سطح، صفر(شاهد)، 40 و 90 میلی‌مولار سدیم کلراید در شرایطگلخانه بررسی شدند. در هفته دوزادهم پس از شروع تنش  صفات سطح برگ، سطح ویژه برگ، رشد طولی و قطری ساقه، ضخامت برگ، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، میزان نکروزه شدن و ریزش برگ‌ها، مقدار آب نسبی برگ، میزان عناصر سدیم، پتاسیم و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی از نظر کلیه صفات به جز سطح ویژه برگ پاسخ متفاوت نشان دادند. تنش شوری کاهش معنی‌داری در سطح برگ، میزان رشد طولی و قطری ساقه، ضخامت برگ، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و مقدار آب نسبی برگ و نیز افزایش معنی‌دار میزان نکروزه شدن و ریزش برگ‌ها و میزان عناصر سدیم و پتاسیم در ژنوتیپ‌های غربال شده ایجاد کرد. بررسی نمره تحمل به تنش (STS) نشان داد دو ژنوتیپ بومی ایران شامل G25 و G8 در کنار ژنوتیپ متحمل کلئوپاترا ماندارین مقاومت به شوری بالایی داشتند. با در نظر گرفتن هم زمان خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک و STS ژنوتیپ‌های G8و کلئوپاترا ماندارین به عنوان بهترین ژتوتیپ‌ها گزینش شدند. بنابراین این ژنوتیپ‌هاپس از بررسی خصوصیات باغی برای استفاده به عنوان پایه در مناطق دارای خاک یا آب شور توصیه می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Some Morpho- Physiological Responses of Citrus Genotypes to Salinity Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Etahadpour 1
  • mohammad reza Fattahi moghadam 2
  • Z. Zamani 2
  • B. Golein 3
  • M. R. Naghavi 4
1 Ph.D. Graduate, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus of University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus of University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Citrus and Sub- Tropocal Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ramsar, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus of University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

To identify salinity tolerant citrus genotypes, two international tolerant (Cleopatra mandarin) and sensitive genotypes (Troyer Citrange), and some screened citrus genotypes for salinity tolerance from citrus research center of Ramsar and Darab research station (total 28 genotypes) were evaluated under glasshouse conditions. Three levels of salinity stress including; zero (control), 40 and 90 Mm sodium chloride were applied on eight months seedlings of citrus genotypes. In 12th week after the application of salinity stress morpho- physiological characteristics including; leaf area, specific leaf area, growth rate, stem diameter, leaf thickness, fresh and dry weight, leaf necrosis and loss, leaf relative water content (RWC), sodium and potassium content, and potassium : sodium ratio were measured and studied. The studied genotypes showed different responses for all traits, except for specific leaf area. Salinity stress caused significant reduction in leaf area, growth rate, stem diameter, leaf thickness, fresh and dry weights and RWC. Furthermore, significant increase of leaf necrosis and loss, and leaf sodium and potassium concentration were observed. Study of stress tolerance score (STS) showed that two Iranian landraces including G25 and G8 and tolerant genotype (Cleopatra) had high salinity tolerance. G8 and Cleopatra were selected as the tolerant genotypes based on physiological traits and STS. In condusion, considering horticultural characteristics, these two genotypes can be recommended as rootstock in areas with saline soil and water.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cleopatra mandarin
  • citrus
  • tolerant genotype
  • stress tolerance score

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به زراعی نهال و بذر
دوره 35، شماره 1
تیر 1398
صفحه 103-120

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