ارزیابی امکان تعدیل اثر منفی تنش محدودیت آبی بر رشد و عملکرد سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) با تغییر تاریخ کاشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

3 استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور مطالعه اثر محدودیت آبی و تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد و روند رشد سیب‌زمینی رقم سانته در طول فصل، این پژوهش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکراردر سال‌های 94-1393 و 95-1394 در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز اجرا شد. چهار سطح آبیاری شامل 55، 70، 85 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه در کرت‌های اصلی و سه تاریخ کاشت 20 اسفند،20 فروردین و 20 اردیبهشت در کرت‌های فرعی تصادفی شدند. تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد اثر آبیاری بر کلیه صفات، بجز شاخص برداشت، اثر تاریخ کشت و برهمکنش آبیاری × تاریخ کشت نیز بر کلیه صفات معنی‌دار بود. نتایج نشان داد که تا 48 روز پس از کاشت، ارتفاع بوته و وزن خشک شاخساره افزایش کندی داشت، ولی در فاصله بین 48 تا 104 روز پس از کاشت افزایش قابل‌توجهی در این دو صفت مشاهده شد. در اوایل فصل رشد ارتفاع بوته و وزن خشک شاخساره در تاریخ کاشت 20 اسفند اندکی کمتر از سایر تاریخ‌های کاشت بود، ولی با گذشت زمان و در تاریخ کاشت 20 اسفند مقدار این دو صفت به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر شد. تنش محدودیت آبی باعث کاهش شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد غده در مترمربع، عملکرد غده، عملکرد بیولوژیک و وزن غده‌های بذری و درشت و افزایش وزن غده‌های ریز گردید. در خصوص بیشتر صفات، سطح آبیاری 100 با 85 درصد نیاز آبی تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. در شرایط تنش محدویت آبی، اهمیت تاریخ کاشت بیشتر بود، چنانچه در شرایط بدون تنش تفاوت معنی‌داری بین تاریخ‌های کاشت وجود نداشت یا حداقل بود. در حالیکه در شرایط تنش آبی رشد و عملکرد بوته‌های سیب‌زمینی در تاریخ کاشت 20 اسفند بیشتر بود. به‌طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که به‌دلیل استفاده بهتر از نزولات جوی، دمای پایین‌تر و تبخیر کمتر در اوایل فصل رشد و دمای مناسب‌تر در زمان غده‌زایی، عملکرد سیب‌زمینی حاصل از تاریخ کشت 20 اسفند بویژه در شرایط تنش محدویت آبی افزایش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assesment of Possibility of Mitigating the Adverse Effect of Water Limitation Stress on Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by Changing Planting Date

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Yazdani 1
  • Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini 2
  • Hossein Ghadiri 3
  • Ali Akbar Kamgar Haghighi 3
  • M. Edalat 2
1 Ph. D. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
3 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

This field experiment was conducted to study the effects of water limitation stress and planting dates on growth and yield of potato in 2014-15 and 2015-16 growing seasons at Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Experimental treatments included, four irrigation levels: 55%, 70%, 85% and 100% of water requirement of potato assigned to the main plots, and three planting dates: March 11, April 9 and May 10 randomized in the sup plots as split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that plant height and shoot dry weight had a slow growth until 48 days after planting (DAP), however, these two traits considerably increased between 48-104 DAP. At early growth stage, plant height and shoot dry weight was slightly less in March 11 planting as compared with other planting dates, while these two traits were greater in March 11 planting. Water limitation stress reduced plant height, leaf area index, tuber number m-2, tuber yield, biological yield and weight of seed and large tubers weight and increased small tuber weight. There was no significant difference between 100% and 85% of water requirement levels for most of measured traits. In water stress conditions planting date was more important. In 100% water requirement level there was no significant differences between planting dates. Whereas, in stressed conditions, growth and tuber yield of potato were greater in March 11 planting. In conclusion, the results indicated that potato performance was greater in March 11 planting date, particularly in water limited stress conditions, because of better use of precipitation, cooler temperature and lower evaporation in the early season as well as suitable temperature during tuber initation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Potato
  • water requirement
  • leaf area index
  • seed tuber
  • tuber yield

مراجع

Anonymous. 2018. Statistical Yearbook of Agriculture 2016-17. Field Crops. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture. Tehran, Iran. 124 pp. (in Persian).
 
 
Anonymous. 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization. online available at: www.faostat.org.
 
 
Arji, I., Miri, S., and Abdosi, V. 2012. An investigation into effect of planting date on quantitative and qualitative traits of some potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars in Ghasre Shirin. Journal of Plant Production 35: 43-54.
 
 
Arya, S., Rawal, S., Luthra, S. K., Sharma, N., Gupta, V. K., and Kadian, M. S. 2017. Participatory evaluation of advanced potato (Solanum tuberosum) clones for water stress tolerance. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 87: 143-148.
 
 
Begum, F., Kundu, B. C., and Hossain, M. I. 2015. Physiological analysis of growth and yield of potato in relation to planting date. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 39: 45-51.
 
 
Dam, J. V., Kooman, P. L., and Struik, P. C. 1996. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on early growth and final number of tubers in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). American Potato Journal 39: 51-62.
 
 
Darabi, A. 2007a. Effects of planting density and harvesting date on yield and yield components of some potato cultivars in Behbahan. Seed and Plant 23: 233-244 (in Persian).
 
 
Darabi, A. 2007b. Effects of autumn and winter planting and temperature stress on total yield, marketable yield and yeild components of some potato cultivars. Seed and Plant 23: 373-385 (in Persian).
 
 
Emam, Y., and Seghatoleslami, M. J. 2011. Crop yield, physiology and processes. Shiraz University Publication. Shiraz, Iran. 593 pp. (In Persian).
 
 
Hou, X. Y., Wang, F. X., Han, J. J., Kang, S. Z., and Feng, S. Y. 2010. Duration of plastic mulch for potato growth under drip irrigation in an arid region of Northwest China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 150: 115-121.
 
 
Khajepour, M. R. 2014. Principles of agronomy. 3th Edition. Jihad-Daneshgahi of Industrial University of Isfahan. Isfahan, Iran. 685 pp. (in Persian).
 
 
King, B. A., Stark, G. C., and Love, S. 2004. Potato production with limited water supplies. Agricultural Experiment Station Publications. Idaho, USA. 325 pp.
 
 
Knezevic, M., Zivotic, L., Cerekovic, N., Topalovic, A., Kokovic, N., and Todorovic, M. 2018. Impact of climate change on water requirements and growth of potato in different climatic zones of Montenegro. Journal of Water and Climate Change 9: 657-671.
 
 
Kumari, S. 2011. Influence of drip irrigation and mulch on leaf area maximization, water use efficiency and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Journal of Agricultural Science 4: 71-80.
 
 
Mortazavi Bak, A., and Aminpour, R. 2001. Effects of season and planting depth on the yield characteristics of commercial potato cultivars. Seed and Plant 17: 95-106. (in Persian)
 
 
Mousapour-Gorji, A., and Hassanabadi, H. 2012.Analysis of growth and variation in trend of some traits of potato cv. Agria in different planting dates. Seed and Plant Improvement 28: 208-287. (in Persian).
 
 
Onder, S., Caliskan, M., Onder, D., and Caliskan, S. 2005. Different irrigation methods and water stress effects on potato yield and yield components. Agriculture Water Management 73: 73-86.
 
 
Papadavid, G. C., Hadjimitsis, D. G., Toulios, L., and Michaelides, S. 2011. Mapping potato crop height and leaf area index through vegetation indices using remote sensing in Cyprus. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 5: 526-530.
 
 
Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Emam, Y., and Pessarakli, M. 2013. Changes in endogenous hormonal status in corn (Zea mays) hybrids under drought stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition 36: 1695-1707.
 
 
Rawson, H. M. 2000. Irrigated wheat,managing your crop. FAO. Rome, Italy. 95 pp.
 
 
Rezaei, A., and Soltani, A. 2014. Potato cultivation. Jihad-Daneshgahi of Mashhad. Mashhad, Iran. 180 pp. (in Persian).
 
 
Sajedi, N., Sheikh Alivand, S., Madani, H., and Safari Kamalvand, H. 2009. Effect of planting date and nitrogen rates on agronomic traits of potato cv. Markinez Modern Finding in Agriculture 3: 287-301.
 
 
Sandmann, M., Graefe, J., and Feller, C. 2013. Optical methods for the non-destructive estimation of leaf area index in kohlrabi and lettuce. Scientia Horticulturae 156: 113-120.
 
 
Shiri Janagard, M., Tobeh, M., Asghari Zakaria, R., Nour-Ganbalani, G., and Dehdar Masjedlo, B. 2007. The effects of different levels of drip irrigation and cultivation pattern on yield and yield components of the Agria potato. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 75: 149-157. (in Persian).
 
 
Shock, C. C., and Feibert, E. B. G. 2002. Deficit irrigation on potato. Pp. 47-55. In: Kirda, C. (ed.) Deficit irrigation practices. FAO. Rome, Italy.
 
 
Siadat, S. A., Dezfoli, S. A., Valizadeh, M., and Sadeghzade Hemayati, S. 1999. Growth analysis of three potato cultivars in different planting pattern and plant density. Iranian Agricultural Sciences 30: 279-386.
 
 
Sobhani, A., andHamidy, H. 2014. Evaluating of yield and growth indices of potato as affected by different water deficit levels, Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 12: 283-295. (in Persian).
 
 
Tang, J., Wang, J., Fang, Q., Wang, E., Yin, H., and Pan, X. 2018a. Optimizing planting date and supplemental irrigation for potato across the agro-pastoral ecotone in North China. European Journal of Agronomy 98: 82-94.
 
 
Tang, J., Wang, J., Wang, E., Yu, Q., Yin, H., He, D., and Pan, X. 2018b. Identifying key meteorological factors to yield variation of potato and the optimal planting date in the agro-pastoral ecotone in North China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 256: 283-291.
 
 
Wang, F., Kang, Y., Liu, S., and Hou, X. 2007. Effects of soil matric potential on potato growth under drip irrigation in the North China Plain. Agriculture Water Management 88: 34-42.
به زراعی نهال و بذر
دوره 35، شماره 1
تیر 1398
صفحه 1-23

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار