واسنجی و ارزیابی مدل IXIM برای شبیه‌سازی رشد و عملکرد ذرت سینگل‌کراس 704 در شرایط آب و هوایی گرگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گرگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

استفاده از مدل‌سازی در تحقیقات و مدیریت مزرعه روز به روز در حال توسعه است. IXIM مدل جدیدی است و ارزیابی آن در سراسر جهان به‏وسیله محققان آغاز شده است. به منظور واسنجی و ارزیابی مدل IXIM برای شبیه‌سازی رشد و عملکرد ذرت در شرایط آب و هوایی گرگان دو آزمایش مزرعه‌ای (هرکدام در دو سال) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان انجام شد. با استفاده از تیمارهای آبیاری مطلوب و بدون تنش خشکی در سال 1391 (سه تیمار) و دو تیمار از آزمایش دوم در سال 1386، مدل IXIM واسنجی شد. ارزیابی مدل با استفاده از تیمارهای آزمایش تاریخ کاشت بهاره (2008)، آزمایش‌های تاریخ کاشت و کم‌آبیاری در سال‌های 1391 و 1392 انجام شد. نتایج ارزیابی نشان داد که این مدل مراحل فنولوژیکی (روز تا گرده‌افشانی و روز تا رسیدگی) را در تاریخ کاشت‌های مختلف و رژیم‌های آبیاری متفاوت و بر اساس شاخص‌های آماری به خوبی پیش‌بینی می‏کند و بیشترین جذر میانگین مربعات خطا برای روز تا گرده‌افشانی از تاریخ کاشت پانزدهم تیرماه (به میزان 24/2 روز) به دست آمد، بنابراین این مدل می‌تواند در برنامه‌ریزی‌های مدیریتی مزرعه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. نتایج ارزیابی مدل در تاریخ کاشت‌های بهاره (1387) و تابستانه (1391 و 1392) نیز نشان داد که این مدل عملکرد ماده خشک و عملکرد دانه را با دقت خوبی شبیه‌سازی می‌کند. مدل روند کاهشی عملکرد ماده خشک و عملکرد دانه را در سطوح مختلف آبیاری (به جزء تنش کامل آبیاری) به خوبی شبیه‌سازی کرد و بر اساس شاخص‌های کارکرد مدلRMSE)، d ,R2 و (NRMSE از دقت لازم برخوردار بود. این مدل در شبی‌سازی حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ و میزان تبخیر و تعرق تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آبیاری داراری دقت خوبی نبود. با توجه به نتایج، از این مدل می‌توان در شبیه‌سازی مراحل رشد و نمو، عملکرد ماده خشک و عملکرد دانه ذرت سینگل‌کراس 704 در تاریخ کاشت‌های مختلف و در رژیم‌های آبیاری متفاوت در شرایط آب و هوایی گرگان بهره برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Calibration and Evaluation of the IXIM Model for Simulation of Growth and Yield of Maize (SC 704) in Gorgan Climatical Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. T. Feyzbaksh 1
  • B. Kamkar 2
  • H. Mokhtarpour 1
  • M. E. Asadi 3
1 Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.
2 , Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The use of modeling in research and farm management is developing every day. IXIM is a new model and its evaluation has begun by researchers around the world. For calibration and validation of the IXIM model, two experiments (each in two years) were carried out at Agricultural Research Station of Gorgan, Golestan province . The model was calibrated using optimum irrigation treatments along with no stress of drought condition in 2012 and two treatments of the second experiment in 2007. The Evaluation of the model was done using planting date treatments of spring experiment (2008), planting date and deficit irrigation of experiments in 2012 and 2013. The evaluation results of the model indicated that the model simulated phenological stages (anthesis and maturity occurrence) with high accuracy at different sowing dates and different irrigation regimes. The highest root mean square error for anthesis belonged to 6 July with 2.24 days, therefore, this model could be used in the field programing management. Evaluation results in spring sowing (2008) and summer sowing dates (2012 and 2013) revealed that the model simulated dry matter and yield of maize with a high accuracy. Also, the model simulated reduction of dry matter and seed yield in different levels of irrigation (except for full stress) and had enough accuracy base on model’s statistical indices. The model had not enough accuracy in simulation of leaf area index (LAI) and evapotransopiration in irrigation treatments. Referring to results of this experiment, this model could be used in Gorgan climatic conditions to simulate growing stages, dry matter and grain yield of maize (SC704) in different sowing dates and different irrigation regimes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Maize
  • modeling
  • sowing date
  • low irrigation
  • Grain yield

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به زراعی نهال و بذر
دوره 33، شماره 2
بهمن 1396
صفحه 203-230

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