تأثیر اتفون، اتانول، براسینواستروئید و هرس برگ بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی انگور رقم یاقوتی سیاه در شرایط محیطی داراب

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز

2 دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، داراب

3 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز

چکیده

انگور یاقوتی سیاه زودرس‌ترین رقم انگور ایران است که بیشتر در مناطق گرم پرورش می‏یابد. یکی از مشکلات این رقم در این مناطق عدم رنگ‌گیری یکنواخت حبه‎‌ها و در نتیجه کاهش بازارپسندی محصول است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر اتفون (150 و 300 میلی گرم در لیتر)، اتانول (5 و 10 درصد)، براسینواستروئید (5/0 و 1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و حذف برگ‌های اطراف خوشه‏ها (5 تا 6 برگ اطراف هر خوشه) همزمان با شروع تغییر رنگ حبه‏ها بر رنگ‏گیری و برخی صفات کمی وکیفی حبه‏ها در انگور رقم یاقوتی سیاه در منطقه داراب انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار و هر تکرار شامل یک تاک هفت ساله در دو سال 1393 و 1394 در دو منطقه جنت‎شهر و فسارود از توابع شهرستان داراب انجام شد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمد، این تیمارها تأثیری بر TSS، اسید آب میوه و نسبت این دو نداشتند. با وجود این که اتفون با غلظت 300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر باعث افزایش معنی دار وزن خوشه‏ها نسبت به شاهد شد، سایر خصوصیات فیزیکی حبه‏ها و خوشه‏ها تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفتند. تیمارهای اعمال شده تأثیری بر شاخص‎های رنگ حبه‏ها مانند CIRG، کروما، زاویه هیو و اجزای شاخص هانتر (L* ،a* وb*) نداشتند. غلظت آنتوسیانین، فنل کل و فعالیت آنتی‎اکسیدانی آب میوه نیز در تیمارهای به کار رفته تفاوت معنی‌داری با تیمار شاهد نداشتند. در مجموع، نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که کاربرد اتفون، اتانول و براسینواستروئید در غلظت‎های متداول نمی‎تواند سبب بهبود ویژگی‎های کمی، کیفی و رنگ در حبه‎های انگور یاقوتی شود و به نظر می‌رسد در مناطقی مثل داراب دمای بالای هوا در دوره رسیدن و رنگ‌گیری حبه‌ها می‌تواند عامل مهم در عدم رنگ‌پذیری یکنواخت حبه‌ها و فرایندهای مرتبط با رسیدن میوه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Ethephon, Ethanol, Brassinosteroid and Leaf Pruning on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Yaghooti Siyah Grape Cultivar under Darab Environmental Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Mirsoleimani 1
  • H. Amin 2
  • S. Eshghi 3
2 Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran.
3 Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Yaghooti is the earliest-maturing grape cultivar in Iran that is mostly grow in warm regions. In these regions berries do not have complete pigmentation and uniform color and this reduces marketability of fruits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ethephon (150 and 300 mgl-1), Ethanol (5 and 10%), Brassinosteroid (0.5 and 1 mgl-1) and defoliation (5 to 6 leaves around the clusters) on pigmentation and some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Yaghooti Siyah grape berries. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications and a 7-years-old vine in each replication during two consecutive years and two regions (Jannatshahr and Fasarood) of Darad. Based on the results, treatments had no effect on the chemical properties of fruit juices such as TSS, TA and TSS/TA. Although ethephon (300 mgl-1) significantly increased cluster weight compared to the control, other physical properties of berries and clusters were not affected by treatments. Treatments had not also effect on the color indicators such as CIRG, chroma, and Hunter components (L *, a * and b *). Anthocyanin and total phenolics concentration and antioxidant activity of fruit juice were not significantly different from those of the control. The results of the present study showed that the use of ethephon, ethanol and brassinosteroid in conventional concentrations can not improve the quantitative and qualitative properties and improvement of berries color, and it seems that in areas like Darab, high temperature during berry ripening and coloration period can be an important factor in color development and ripening process of fruit in Yaghooti Siyah grape.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Yaghooti Siyah grape
  • fruit ripening
  • berry coloration
  • Anthocyanin
  • total phenol
  • Antioxidant activity
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