تاثیر سایبان، محلول‌پاشی کائولین، تنک میوه و آبیاری تکمیلی بر کاهش عارضه سفیدشدگی آریل انار رقم ملس ترش ساوه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

2 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

3 صنایع غذائی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

4 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

چکیده

عارضه سفیدشدگی آریل به شدت کیفیت میوه انار را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. به منظور مطالعه برخی عوامل مدیریتی در باغ‌های انار و تاثیر آن‌ها بر کاهش شدت سفیدشدگی آریل انار رقم ملس ترش ساوه، اثر استفاده از سایبان، محلول‌پاشی کائولین، تنک میوه وآبیاری تکمیلی آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با هشت تیمار و سه تکرار در ایستگاه ملی تحقیقات انار ساوه در دو سال باغی 1393 و 1394 بررسی شد. تیمارها شامل محلول‌پاشی کائولین 3% در چهار نوبت، تنک میوه 30% چهل روز بعد از گلدهی، آبیاری تکمیلی از هشتاد روز بعد از گلدهی، ترکیبی از تیمار‌های کائولین و تنک میوه، ترکیبی از تیمار‌های کائولین، تنک میوه و آبیاری تکمیلی، شاهد با مدیریت باغدار، استفاده از کود حیوانی به همراه محلول‌پاشی نیترات کلسیم و سولفات پتاسیم به نسبت 3 در هزار و استفاده از سایبان، آبیاری تکمیلی و محلول‌پاشی کائولین بودند. شاخص عارضه سفیدشدگی آریل، فراوانی نسبی میوه‌های سالم و میوه‌های دارای عارضه، و خصوصیات کمی و کیفی میوه و آب میوه اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار محلول‌پاشی کائولین اثر معنی‌داری در کاهش عارضه نداشت. تیمار سایبان به همراه آبیاری تکمیلی و محلول‌پاشی کائولین، شاخص عارضه سفیدشدگی آریل را تا حدود 24% کاهش داد و بر فراوانی میوه‌های سالم تا حدود 96% افزود. تیمار تنک میوه شاخص عارضه سفیدشدگی آریل را تا حدود 69% افزایش داد و بر فراوانی میوه‌های دارای عارضه تا حدود 91% افزود.تیمار آبیاری تکمیلی به تنهایی اثر مثبتی در تعدیل شاخص عارضه سفیدشدگی داشت، اما شدت عارضه تحت تاثیر تنش دمای بالا، رطوبت نسبی پایین هوا و کیفیت آب آبیاری نیز قرار داشت. استفاده از پوشش سایبان روی درختان، افزایش مواد آلی خاک، محلول‌پاشی عناصر پتاسیم و کلسیم در طول فصل رشد و کاهش فواصل آبیاری از راهکارهای موثر در کاهش عارضه سفیدشدگی آریل و بهبود کیفیت میوه در باغ‌های انار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Sunscreen, Kaolin Application, Fruit Thinning and Supplementary Irrigation on the Aril Browning Disorder of Pomegranate cv. “Malase Torshe Saveh”

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Kavand 1
  • K. Arzani 2
  • M. Barzegar 3
  • M. Mirlatifi 4
1 Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
4 College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aril color whitening or browning (AB) in pomegranate fruit is a physiological disorder that critically decrease fruit quality and market acceptability. To find the effects of cun screen, kaolin application, fruit thinning, supplementary irrigation and fertilizer on decreasing aril browning disorder of the pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. ‘Malase Torshe Saveh’), an experiment was carried out in Saveh using a complete randomized block design with three replications. Treatments were 1) 3% kaolin application at 40 days after full bloom (DAFB), 2) fruit thinning at 40 DAFB, 3) supplementary irrigation at 80 DAFB, 4) fruit thinning with kaolin application, 5) supplementary irrigation combination with fruit thinning and kaolin application, 6) control with conventional management, 7) Animal manure application with foliar spray of the potassium sulfate and Nitrate calcium, 8) sunscreen combination with kaolin application and supplementary irrigation. The experiment was carried out in 2014 and 2015 in a commercial pomegranate orchard, in Saveh, Iran. The physicochemical properties of the pomegranate fruits were measured. Results showed that the kaolin application had no significant effect on the aril browning disorder, but the sunscreen treatment combined with supplementary irrigation and kaolin application reduced the aril browning index (24%) and increased the abundance of non-affected fruit (%96), conversely the fruit thinning increased aril browning index (69%) and reduced the abundance of non-affected fruits. Moreover, the supplementary irrigation had positive effect toameliorate the aril browning disorder, but the aril browning was also influenced by high temperature, low relative humidity and water quality. Overhead sunscreen, increase soil organic matter, foliar application of potassium and calcium during the growing season and irrigation with fewer intervals can ameliorate the pomegranate aril browning disorder and improve the fruit quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
  • Physiological Disorder
  • Anthocyanin
  • Kaolin
  • fruit thinning
  • sunscreen

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به زراعی نهال و بذر
دوره 33، شماره 1
خرداد 1396
صفحه 85-112

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