واکنش ارقام تجاری و لاین‌های جدید کلزا به شرایط کشت تأخیری در مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران،

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر کشت تأخیری برخصوصیات فنولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های بهاره کلزا، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 90-1389 و 91-1390 در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران اجرا شد. چهار تاریخ کاشت 27 مهر ماه، 7، 17 و 27 آبان ماه به عنوان عامل اصلی و پنج ژنوتیپ ظفر، ساریگل، L7، L4 و هایولا 401 به عنوان عامل فرعی مورد مطالعه قرارگرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها حاکی از معنی‌دار بودن اثر تاریخ کاشت، ژنوتیپ و اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و ژنوتیپ برای کلیه خصوصیات مورد بررسی به استثناء وزن هزار دانه بود. تأخیر در کاشت منجر به کاهش اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد دانه شد. همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار طول دوره گلدهی، روز تا رسیدگی، تعداد خورجین در بوته، وزن هزاردانه و شاخص برداشت با عملکرد دانه نیز نشان دهنده آن بود که مقادیر بالای این خصوصیات در تاریخ کاشت‌های اولیه منجر به افزایش عملکرد دانه شده است. ارقام ظفر و هایولا401 به ترتیب با میانگین عملکرد دانه 9/2815 و 6/2753 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تمامی تاریخ کاشت‌های مورد بررسی مقادیر بالای این صفت را به خود اختصاص دادند و برای کاشت در کاشت‌های تأخیری نیز از ارجحیت بیشتری برخوردارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of Commercial Cultivars and New Lines of Oilseed Rape to Delayed Sowing Conditions in Mazandaran

نویسنده [English]

  • v. Rameeh
Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effect of delayed sowing dates on phenological traits, yield components and seed yield of spring oilseed rape genotypes, a split plot experimental design with three replications was carried out at Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center during 2010-2011 and 2012-2013 cropping seasons. Four sowing dates of 19, 29 October, 8, 18 November were considered as the main plots and five genotypes of Zafar, Sarigol, L7, L4 and Hyola 401 as sub plots. The results of combined analysis of variance showed significant effects of sowing date, genotype and their interaction on all characteristics except 1000-seed weight. Delay in planting resulted in a significant reduction of seed yield and its components. Positive and significant correlation of seed yield with duration of flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight and harvest index showed that high levels of these traits in early sowing dates had increasing effects on seed yield. Among the genotypes, Zafar and Hayola 401 had high mean values of seed yield in all sowing dates and therefore had priority for planting in delayed sowing dates.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oilseed rape
  • Yield components
  • harvest index
  • delayed sowing
  • seed yield
Adamsen, F. J., and Coffelt, T.A. 2005. Planting date effects on flowering, seed yield and oil content of rape and crambe cultivars. Industrial Crops and Products 21: 293-307.
 
Anonymous 2004. SAS/STAT User’s Guide. Version 9. Fourth Edition. Statistical Analysis Institute Inc., SAS Institute INC. Cary North Carolina, USA.
 
Azizi, M., Soltani, A., and Khavari Khorasani, S. 1999. Rapeseed, Physiology, Agronomy, Breeding and Biotechnology. Mashhad University Press, Mashhad, Iran (in Persian).
 
Danaaie, A. Kh. 2011. Effect of sowing date on seed yield, yield components and some agronomic traits of Canola cultivars in Behbahan region in Iran. Seed and Plant Production Journal 27-2 (2): 303-319 (in Persian).
 
Fallah Haki, M.H., Yadavi, A.R., Movahhedi Dehnavi, M., and Balouchi, H.R. 2012. Evaluation of oil, protein and seed yield of rapeseed at different sowing dates in Yasouj. Journal of Plant Production 4(2): 207-222.
 
Faraji, A. 2003. Effects of sowing date and plant density on rapeseed cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 5: 64-70 (in Persian).
 
Faraji, A. 2010. Determination of phenological response of spring canola (Brassica napus L.) genotypes to swing date, temperature and photoperiod. Seed and Plant Production Journal 26-2 (1): 25-41 (in Persian).
 
Faraji, A. 2016. Response of oilseed rape hybrids and promising lines to sowing date in Gorgan Area. Seed and Plant Production Journal 32-2 (1): 65-79 (in Persian).
 
Gan, Y., Angadi, S. V., Cutforth, H., Potts, D., Angadi, V.V., and McDonald, C. L. 2004. Canola and mustard response to short periods of temperature and water stress at different developmental stages. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84: 697-704.
 
Hocking, P. J., and Stapper, M. 2001. Effect of sowing time and nitrogen on canola, and nitrogen fertilizer on Indian mustard. I. Dry matter production, grain yield and yield components. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52: 623-634.
 
Hutton, W. C., Garbow, J. R., and Hayes, T. R. 1999. Nondestructive NMR determination of oil composition in transformed canola seeds. Lipids 34(12): 1339-1346.
 
Johnson, B. L., Schneiter, A. A., Mckay, K. R., Hanson, B. K., and Schatz, B. G. 1995. Influence of planting date on canola and crambe production. Journal of Production Agriculture 4: 594-599.
 
Kalantari, S. A., Ebadi, A., Siadat, S. A., and Tavakoli Hasanklo, H. 2014. Effect of heat stress due to changing of sowing date on grain yield of rapeseed cultivars in north Khuzestan conditions in Iran. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 16 (1): 63-76(in Persian).
 
Khajehpoor, M.R. 1992. Principles of Agronomy. Isfahan University of Technology Publications, Isfahan, Iran. 412 pp. (in Persian).
 
Malcolm, J., Morrison, A., and Stewart, W. 2002. Heat stress during flowering in summer Brassica. Crop Science 42: 797-803.
 
Mendham, N. J., Russell, J., and Jarosz, J. 1991. Response to sowing time of three contrasting Australian cultivars of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus, L.). Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 114: 275-283.
 
Miri, Y., and Bagheri, H. 2013. Evaluation planting date on agronomical traits of canola (Brassica napus L.). International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 4 (3): 601-603.
 
Molazem, D., Azimi, J., Ghasemi, M., Hanifi, M., and Khatami, A. 2013. Correlation analysis in different planting dates and plant density of canola (Brassica napus L.) varieties in Astara Region. Life Science Journal 10(1): 26-31.
 
Pavlista, A.D., Isbell, T.A., Baltenspergerc, D.D., and Hergerta, G.W. 2011. Planting date and development of spring-seeded irrigated canola, brown mustard and camelina. Industrial Crops and Products 33: 451–456.
 
Rafiei, S., Delkhosh, B., Shirani Rad, A.H., and Zandi, P. 2011. Effect of sowing dates and irrigation regimes on agronomic traits of Indian mustard in semi-arid area of Takestan. Journal of American Science 7(10): 721-728.
 
Rameeh, V. 2014. Evaluation of planting dates effects on growth, phenology and seed yield of spring rapeseed varieties. Journal of Oil Plants Production 1 (1): 79-89.
 
Rapacz, M. 2002. Cold-declamation of oilseed rape (Brassica nupus L. var. Oleifera) in response to temperatures and photoperiod. Agronomy Journal 191: 130-137.
 
Razmi, N. 2009. Effect of sowing date on seed yield, yield components and some agronomic characteristics in rapeseed genotypes in Moghan region. Seed and Plant Production Journal 25-2 (1): 301-314 (in Persian).
 
Robertson, M. J., Holland, F., and Bambach, R. 2004. Response of canola and Indian mustard to sowing date in the grain belt of north-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44: 43-52.
 
Tobe, A., Hokmalipour, S., Jafarzadeh, B., and Hamele Darbandi, M. 2013. Effect of sowing date on some phenological stages and oil contents in spring canola (Brassica napus, L.) cultivars. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 13 (9): 1202-1212.
 
Whitfield, D.M. 1992. Effect of temperature and ageing on CO2 exchange of pods of oil-seed rape. Field Crops Research 28: 305-313.