واکنش هیبریدها و لاین‌های امیدبخش کلزا به تاریخ کاشت در منطقه گرگان

نویسنده

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر تاریخ‌های مختلف کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد هیبریدهای وارداتی و لاین‌های امید بخش کلزا، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در دو سال زراعی 90-1389 و 92-1391 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان اجرا شد. پنج تاریخ کاشت 1 آبان، 20 آبان، 10 آذر، 30 آذر و 20 دی در کرت‌های اصلی و دو هیبرید وارداتی هایولا50 و هایولا420 و دو لاین امیدبخش L5 (ورامین) و L6 (زابل) در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. میانگین دمای هوا طی دوره سبز شدن در تاریخ‌های کشت اول، دوم، سوم، چهارم و پنجم برای سال اول به‌ترتیب 5/19، 7/14، 8/13، 8/8 و 8/6 درجه سانتی‌گراد و برای سال دوم به‌ترتیب 5/20، 1/15، 2/12، 8/6 و 5/8 درجه سانتی‌گراد بود. در هر دو سال، با تاخیر در کاشت، عملکرد دانه، ماده خشک اندام هوایی و شاخص برداشت کاهش یافت. در سال اول، تاریخ کاشت اول با 4074 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین و تاریخ کاشت پنجم با 2323 کیلوگرم در هکتار کمترین عملکرد دانه را داشتند. در سال دوم نیز تاریخ کاشت اول با 4125 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین و تاریخ کاشت پنجم با 2316 کیلوگرم در هکتار کمترین عملکرد دانه را داشتند. میانگین عملکرد دانه هیبرید جدید هایولا50، هیبرید هایولا420 و لاین‌های امیدبخش L5 و L6 به ترتیب 3534، 3329، 2977 و 3147 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. میانگین شاخص برداشت نیز در هیبریدهای هایولا50 و هایولا420 و لاین‌های L5 و L6 به ترتیب 6/30، 2/29، 9/27 و 1/29 درصد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of Oilseed Rape Hybrids and Promising Lines to Sowing Date in Gorgan Area

نویسنده [English]

  • A. Faraji
چکیده [English]

To study the effect of sowing date on yield, yield components and agronomic traits of oilseed rape promising hybrids and lines, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Gorgan during 2010–2011 and 2012-2013 cropping seasons. The experiment was a randomized complete block design arranged in split plot. Four genotypes Hyola 50, Hyola 420, L5 (Varamin) and L6 (Zabol) were as sub plots and five sowing dates 23 Oct., 11 Nov., 1 Dec., 21 Dec. and 10 Jan., were as main plots. The mean air temperature during germination time for sowing dates 23 Oct., 11 Nov., 1 Dec., 21 Dec. and 10 Jan was 19.5, 14.7, 13.8, 8.8 and 6.8 oC in 2010–2011, and 20.5, 15.1, 12.2, 6.8 and 8.56.8 oC in 2010–2011, respectively. In both years, seed yield, aboveground dry matter and harvest index decreased with delay in sowing date. In the first year, the first sowing date had the highest (4070 kgha-1) and last sowing date had the lowest (2323 kgha-1) seed yield. Similarly, in the second year, the first sowing date had the highest (4125 kgha-1) and the last sowing date had the lowest (2319 kgha-1) seed yield. The mean seed yield of Hyola 50, Hyola 420, L5 and L6 was 3534, 3329, 2977 and 3147 kgha-1, respectively. The mean harvest index of Hyola 50, Hyola 420, L5 and L6 was 30.6, 29.2, 27.9 and 29.1%, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oilseed rape
  • genotypes
  • seed yield
  • yield componants
  • harvest index
Adamson, F. G., and Coflet, T. A. 2005. Planting date effect on flowering, seed yield and oil content of rape and crambe cultivars. Industrial Crops and Products 62: 293-307 . Angadi, S. V., Cutforth, H. W., Miller, P. R., McConkey, B. G. Entz, M. H., Brandt, A., and Olkmar, K.M . 2000. Response of three Brassica species to high temperature stress during reproductive growth. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80: 693-701. Anonymous 1996. SAS/STAT user's guide, Version 6, 4th editions, SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC, USA. Asadi, M. E., and Faraji, A. 2009. Applied Principles of Oilseeds Cultivation. Noorozi Press, Tehran, Iran. 84 pp. (in Persian). Dhillon, S. S., Singh, K., and Brar, K. S. 1998. Stability analysis of elite strains in indian mustard. PAU, Regional Research Station, Bathinda, India. Diepenbrock, W. 2000. Yield analysis of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): A Review. Field Crops Research 67: 35-46. Faraji, A. 2010. Flower formation and pod/flower ratio in canola (Brassica napus L.) affected by assimilates supply around flowering. International Journal of Plant Production 4: 271-280. Faraji, A. 2011. Quantifying factors determining seed weight in open pollinate and hybrid genotypes of oilseed rape (B. napus L.). Crop Breeding Journal 1: 41-55. Faraji, A. 2012. Oil concentration in canola (Brassica napus L.), as a function of environmental conditions during seed filling period. International Journal of Plant Production 2: 267-277. Faraji A., Latifi, N., Soltani, A., and Shirani Rad, A. H. 2008. Effect of high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation on flower and pod formation in two canola (B. napus L.) cultivars at Mediterranean climate. Asian Journal of Plant Science 7: 343-351. Faraji A., Latifi, N., Soltani, A., and Shirani Rad, A. H. 2009. Seed yield and water use efficiency of canola (Brassica napus L.) as affected by high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation. Agricultural Water Management 96: 132-140. Faraji, A., and Mohtasham Amiri, A. 2013. Management of Environmental Stress in Canola fields. Agricultural Education and Extension Press, Karaj, Iran. Farre, I., Robertson, M. J., Waiton, G. H., and Asseng, S. 1999. Simulating response of canola to sowing date in Western Australia. Proceedings of Australian Agronomy Conference, Australian Society of Agronomy, Sydney, Australia. Ghosh, D. C. 1994. Growth and productivity of Indian rapeseed. Grown under short and mild winter sondition of west Bengal. Journal of Agriculture Research 28: 239-244. Harper, F. R., and Berkenkamp, B. 1975. Revised growth-stage key for Brassica campestris and B. napus. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 55: 657-658. Herbec, J., and Murdock, L. 1989. Canola Production Guide and Research in Ketucky. Published by University of Kentucky, College of Agricultural, Kentucky, USA. Hocking, P. J., and Stapper, M. 2001. Effect of sowing time and nitrogen fertilizer on canola and wheat and nitrogen fertilizer on Indian mustard. I Dry matter production, grain yield and yield components. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research 52: 623-634. Johnson, B. L., Mckay, K. R., Schneiter, A. A., Hanson, B. K., and Schatz, B. G. 1995. Influence of planting date on canola and crambe production. Journal of Production Agriculture 8: 594-599. Khan, R. U., Muendel, H. H., and Chaudhry, M. F. 1994. Influence of topping rapeseed on yield components and other agronomic characters under varying dates of planting. Pakistan Journal of Botany 26: 167-171. Kuchtova P., Baranyk, P., Vasak, J., and Fabry, J. 1996. Yield forming factors of oilseed rape. Rosliny Oleiste 12: 223-234. Laanista, P., Joudo, J., Ercmccv, V., and Maeorg, E. 2008. Effect ofsowing date and increasing rates on plat density and yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) under Nordic climate conditions. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Plant and Soil Science 58: 330-335. Mailer, R. J., and Cornish, P. S. 1987. Effects of water stress on glucosinolate and oil concentrations in the seed of rape (B. napus) and turnip rape (Brassica rapa). Australian Journal Experimental Agriculture 27: 707-711. Morrison, M. J., and Stewart, D. W. 2002. Heat stress during flowering in summer Brassica. Crop Science 42: 797-803. Robertson, M. J., and Holland, J. F. 2004. Production risk of canoia in the semi-arid subtropics of Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55: 525-538. Ruiz, R. A., and Maddonni, G. A. 2006. Sunflower seed weight and oil concentration under different post-flowering source-sink ratios. Crop Science 46: 671-680. Starner, D. F., Hamama, A. A., and Bhardwaj, H. I. 1999. Canola oil yield and quality as affected by production practices in Virginia. pp. 254-256. In: Janick, J. (ed). Perspectives on New Crops. Alexandria. V A., USA. Walton, G., Si, P., and Bowden, B. 1999. Environmental impact on canola yield and oil. Proceedings of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress. Canberra, Australia. Page 6. Whitfild, D. M. 1992. Effect of temperature and ageing on CO2 change of pools of oilseed rape. Field Crops Research 28: 801-805.