واکنش مراحل فنولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام گندم نان با عادت‌های رشد متفاوت به تاخیر در کاشت

نویسنده

چکیده

به منظور بررسی واکنش تیپ‌های مختلف گندم به تاخیر کاشت، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 86-1384 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج اجرا شد. در این آزمایش تاریخ کاشت‌های (20 مهر، 20 آبان و 20 آذر) در کرت‌های اصلی و ارقام گندم (پیشتاز و فلات به عنوان تیپ بهاره، توس و مهدوی به عنوان تیپ بینابین، سایسون و MV-17 به عنوان تیپ زمستانه) در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که تاخیر کاشت از 20 مهر تا 20 آذر سبب کاهش عملکرد دانه (از 7146 به 5665 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (از18560 به 13410 کیلوگرم درهکتار)، تعداد سنبله در مترمربع (از 551 به 472 سنبله در متر‌مربع) و تعداد دانه در سنبله (از 38 به 1/36) شد. تاخیر کاشت از 20 مهر تا 20 آذر همچنین موجب کاهش تعداد برگ ظاهر شده در مرحله ظهور برجستگی دوگانه (0/6 در برابر 2/4) و طول دوره‌های رویشی (878 در برابر 540 درجه- روز رشد)، زایشی قبل از گرده‌افشانی (969 در برابر 883 درجه- روز رشد)، پرشدن دانه (815 در برابر 662 درجه- روز رشد)، کاشت تا گرده‌افشانی (1847 در برابر 1423 درجه- روز رشد)، و کاشت تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک (2662 در برابر 2085 درجه- روز رشد) شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق اثر تاخیر کشت بر کاهش طول چرخه زندگی گیاه از طریق کاهش تمامی مراحل اصلی نمو (به ویژه دوره رویشی) اتفاق افتاد، ولی کاهش طول دوره رویشی در تیپ زمستانه به مراتب بیشتر از تیپ‌های بینابین و بهاره (به ترتیب 400 در برابر 328 و 278 درجه- روز رشد) بود و حال آن که اثر تاخیر کاشت برکاهش طول دوره زایشی قبل از گرده‌افشانی در تیپ بهاره بیشتر از بینابین و زمستانه (به ترتیب 148 در برابر 90 و 19 درجه- روز رشد) بود. دوره پرشدن دانه در تیپ‌های بهاره، بینابین و زمستانه نیز در تاریخ کاشت‌های تاخیری به ترتیب 125، 173 و 161 درجه- روز رشد کاهش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of Phenological Development Stages, Grain Yield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat Cultivars with Different Growth Habits to Delayed Planting

نویسنده [English]

  • H. R. Sharifi
چکیده [English]

To study adaptation of different wheat types to delayed planting, an experiment was conducted in split plot layout with RCBD and three replications at SPII, Karaj during 2005-2007 cropping seasons. Planting dates (12 Oct., 11 Nov. and 11 Dec.) and wheat cultivars (Pishtaz and Falat as spring, Toos and Mahdavi as facultative, Soissons and MV-17 as winter cultivars) were in main plots and subplots respectively. Results showed that delayed planting from 12 October to 11 December decreased grain yield (from 7146 to 5665 kgha-1), biological yield (from 18560 to 13410 kgha-1), spike number per square meter (from 551 to 472) and grain number per spike (from 38 to 36.1). Delayed planting from 12 October to 11 December also decreased appeared leaf number at double ridge (6.0 vs. 4.2), vegetative (878 vs. 540 GDD), pre-anthesis reproductive (969 vs 883 GDD), grain filling (815 vs 662 GDD), planting to anthesis (1847 vs 1423), and planting to maturity (2662 vs 2085 GDD) stages. Based on thses results, effects of delayed planting on decrease of plant life cycle occurred via decreasing in all main developmental stages(esp. vegetative stage), but decreasing of vegetative period length in winter type was more than of facultative and spring types ( 400 vs 328 and 278 GDD, respectively) while effect of delayed planting on decrease of pre-anthesis reproductive period length in spring types was more than of facultative and winter types ( 148 vs. 90 and 19 GDD, respectively). Grain filling period in spring, facultative and winter types decreased 125, 173 and 161 GDD, respectively in delayed planting.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • phenology
  • Double ridge
  • Anthesis
  • Planting date
  • cultivar
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