اثر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بذر بر عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد دو ژنوتیپ تریتیکاله

نویسندگان

مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، مشهد

چکیده

تریتیکاله حاصل تلاقی گندم و چاودار است که طی یک روند تحقیقات طولانی در زمینه ژنتیک و سیتوژنیک ایجاد شده و با شرایط سخت و کشاورزی کم نهاده سازگار شده است. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بذر بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه دو ژنوتیپ تریتیکاله در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی طرق مشهد و در دو سال زراعی 87-1386 و 88-1387 به اجرا درآمد. برای انجام این آزمایش از طرح اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار استفاده شد. عامل تاریخ کاشت در پنج سطح (15 مهر، 30 مهر، 15 آبان، 30 آبان و 15 آذر با میانگین دمای هوا به ترتیب 1/16، 9/13، 2/12، 9/7 و 6/5 درجه سانتی‌گراد) در کرت‌های اصلی و دو عامل تراکم بذر و ژنوتیپ به صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. عامل تراکم بذر در سه سطح شامل 250، 450 و 650 دانه در مترمربع با در نظر گرفتن وزن هزار دانه ژنوتیپ‌های تریتیکاله و عامل ژنوتیپ در دو سطح شامل ژنوتیپ ET-79-17 و رقم سناباد بود. نتایج نشان داد اثر تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و تعداد دانه در سنبله معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه به ترتیب از تاریخ کاشت دوم (30 مهر) و پنجم (15 آذر) حاصل شد. تاخیر در کاشت موجب کاهش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه شد و به طور میانگین به ازای هر روز تاخیر در کاشت حدود 55 کیلوگرم در هکتار از عملکرد دانه کاسته شد. با جمع‌بندی نتایج صفات مورد مطالعه، تاریخ کاشت مناسب این دو ژنوتیپ تریتیکاله در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد اواخر مهر (30 مهر) بود. اثر تراکم‌های مختلف بذر بر عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی‌دار و بر عملکرد دانه غیر معنی‌دار بود و به نظر می‌رسد سطح پایین تراکم بذر (250 دانه در متر‌مربع) برای این دو ژنوتیپ تریتیکاله مناسب باشد. بین دو ژنوتیپ تریتیکاله از نظر عملکرد تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری وجود نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Planting Date and Seed Density on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Two Triticale Genotypes

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Ghodsi
  • M. Nazeri
  • F. Rezaee
چکیده [English]

To determine the suitable planting date and seeding density of two triticale genotypes in Mashhad climatic conditions during 2007-2009 growing seasons, an experiment was carried out, using a Split-factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replication, at Torogh Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad, Iran. Main plots were devoted to five planting dates and sub plot were factorial combination of three planting densities and two triticale genotypes. Planting dates were Oct. 7, Oct. 22, Nov. 6, Nov. 21 and Dec. 6 and triticale genotypes were: ET-79-17 and Sanabad. The results showed that, the effect of planting date on grain yield, biological yield and number of grain per spike was significant. The highest grain yield was oblained from second planting date (Oct. 22) and delay in planting date decreased grain yield. Delay in planting date, decreased yield in average of 55 kg ha-1 per day. However, results showed that the best planting date for triticale genotypes was Oct. 22 in Mashhad climatic condition. The effect of seeding density on biological yield was significant and with increasing seeding density, biological yield was decreased. There was no significant difference among seeding density for grain yield and the 250 seeds per m2 was the best density for triticale. Significant differences were not observed between two genotype concerning grain yield and other traits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Triticalr
  • 1000 grain weight
  • spike per m2
  • grain per spike
  • harvest index
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