اثر کلرید سدیم بر فتوسنتز و برخی خصوصیات مورفو- فیزیولوژیکی بادام (Prunus dulcis Mill.)

نویسندگان

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی اثر کلرید سدیم بر برخی صفات مورفو- فیزیولوژیکی و تغییرات پارامترهای فتوسنتزی در بادام (Prunus dulcis Mill.)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با پنج تیمار شامل صفر، 25، 50، 75 و 100 میلی‌مول بر لیتر از این نمک در سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که محتوای سدیم و کلر دانهال‌های بادام با افزایش سطوح نمک افزایش یافته و به موازات آن از کمیت شاخص‌های محتوای آب نسبی، کلروفیل و وزن خشک برگ به طور معنی‌دار کاسته شد (p ≤ 0.05). تغییرات دمای برگ در شرایط فوق معنی‌دار نبود ولی تعداد دانهال‌های نشان‌دهنده علایم سوختگی حاشیه برگ با الگویی نسبتاً منظم تا 89 درصد افزایش یافت. نمک در کمترین غلظت به کار رفته میانگین گاز کربنیک درون بافتی را 35 میکرومول بر مول و محدودیت روزنه‌ای - متابولیکی را 5/39 درصد افزایش و میانگین تثبیت کربن را 6 میکرومول بر مترمربع در ثانیه و هدایت روزنه‌ای را تا 15/0 مول بر مترمربع در ثانیه کاهش داد (p ≤ 0.05). در این تحقیق کارایی بالای برخی از صفات از جمله شاخص کلروفیل، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و علایم سوختگی حاشیه برگ را در غربال‌گری سریع ژنوتیپ‌ها آشکار کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of NaCl on Photosynthesis and some Morpho-Physiological Traits of Almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Rahnemoun
  • N. A. Gasimov2
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effects of NaCl on some morpho- physiological traits in almond and alteration of photosynthetic parameters, an experiment was performed based on completely randomized design with five treatments included 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM of sodium chloride in three replications. The results indicated that the contents of sodium and chloride were increased in almond seedlings but quantities of relative water content, chlorophyll index and dry weight of leaves were decreased in parallel with augmentation of salt levels significantly (p ≤ 0.05). In these conditions, alterations of leaf temperature were not significant but the seedlings percentage indicating marginal leaf scorch symptoms was increased up to 89% with relatively regular template. Applied salt in the lowest level enhanced the mean of internal CO2 and metabolic-stomatal limitation up to 35 μmol.mol-1 and 39.5% as well as decreased the mean of CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance up to 6 mol.m-2.s-1 and 0.15 mol.m-2, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). In this probe, high efficiency of some measured traits such as relative water content, chlorophyll index and marginal leaf scorch symptoms was revealed in quick screen of the salt tolerant genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Almond
  • Morpho-physiological traits
  • NaCl
  • Photosynthesis
References Agastian, P., Kingsley, S. J., and Vivekanandan, M. 2000. Effect of salinity on photosynthesis and biochemical characteristics in mulberry genotypes. Photosynthetica 38: 287-290. Ashraf, M., and Harris, P. J. C. 2004. Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Science 166: 3-16. Boussadia, O., Ben Mariem, F., Mechri, B., Boussetta, W., Braham, M., and Ben El Hadj, S. 2008. Response to drought of two olive tree cultivars (cvs Koroneki and Meski). Scientia Horticulturae 116: 388-393. Downton, W. J. S., Loveys, B. R., and Grant, W. J. R. 1990. Salinity effects on the stomatal behavior of grapevine. New Phytologist 116: 499-503. El-Azab, E. M., El-Kobbia, A. M., and El-Khayat, H. M. 1998. Effects of three sodium salts on vegetative growth and mineral composition of stone fruit rootstock seedlings. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research 43 (3): 219-229. Farquhar, G. D., and Sharkey, T. D. 1982. Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 33: 317-346. Gasimov, N. A. 2008. Plant physiology. Baku State University Publications, Baku, Azerbaijan Republic. 483 pp. (in Turkish). Grattan, S. R., and Grieve, C. M. 1999. Salinity-mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. Scientia Horticulturae 78: 127-157. Hassan, M. M., and El-Azayem, A. I. A. 1990. Differences in salt tolerance of some fruit species. Egyptian Journal of Horticulture 17 (1): 1-8. Holevas, C. D., Stylianides, D. C., and Michaelides, Z. 1985. Nutrient element variability in the leaves of almond trees in relation to variety, rootstock and the vegetative part of tree. Options Mediterranean 1: 111-120. Kafi, M., Borzoee, A., and Salehi, M. 2010. Physiology of Environmental Stresses in Plants. Mashhad University Publications, Mashhad, Iran. 502 pp. (in Persian). Karakas B., Bianco, R. L., and Rieger, M. 2000. Association of marginal leaf scorch with sodium accumulation in salt-stressed peach. HortScience 35(1): 83-84. Lambers, H., Chapin, F. S., and Pons, T. L. 1998. Plant Physiological Ecology. Springer, Berlin, Germany. 540 pp. Marcelis, L. F. M., and van Hooijdonk, J. 1999. Effect of salinity on growth, water use and nutrient use in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Plant and Soil 215: 57-64. Massai, R., Remorni D., and Tattini, M. 2004. Gas exchange, water relations and osmotic adjustment in two scion/rootstock combinations of Prunus under various salinity concentrations. Plant and Soil 259: 153-162. Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell & Environment 25: 239-250. Munns, R. 2009. Strategies for crop improvement in saline soils. pp. 237. In: Ashraf, M., Ozturk, M., and Athar, H. R. (eds.) Salinity and Water Stress. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. Germany. Noitsakis, B., Dimassi, K., Therios, I., and Chartzoulakis, K. S. 1997. Effects of NaCl induced salinity on growth, chemical composition and water relations of two almond (Prunus amygdalus B.) cultivars and the hybrid GF677 (P. amygdalus × P. persica). Acta Horticulturae 449: 641-648. Perera, L. K. R., Mansfield, T. A., and Malloch, A. J. C. 1994. Stomatal response to sodium ions in Aster tripoliz: a new hypothesis to explain salinity regulation in above ground tissues. Plant, Cell & Environment 17: 335-340. Rahmani, A., Daneshvar, H. A., and Sardabi, H. 2003. Effect of salinity on growth of two wild almond species and two genotypes of the cultivated almond species. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Resaerch 11(1): 1-8 (in Persian). Rahnemoun, H., Gasimov, N. A., and Shekari, F. 2011. Preliminary testing of the resistance of almond (Prunus amygdalus) genotypes to salinity. News of Baku University, Series of Natural Sciences 1: 100-106 (in Turkish). Ranjbar, A., Lemeur, R., and Damme, P. 2005. Ecophysiological characteristics of two pistachio species (Pistacia khinjuk and P. mutica) in response to salinity. Acta Horticulturae 721: 179-187. Ranjbarfardoei, A., Samson, R., and Vandamme, P. 2006. Chlorophyll fluorescence performance of sweet almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) in response to salinity stress induced by NaCl. Photosynthetica 44: 513-522. Rouhi, V. R., Samson, R., Lemeur, R., and Van Damme, P. 2007. Photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics in three different almond species during drought stress and subsequent recovery. Environmental and Experimental Botany 59: 117-129. Shibli, R. A., Shatnawi, M. A., and Swaidat, I. Q. 2003. Growth, osmotic adjustment and nutrient acquisition of bitter almond under induced sodium chloride salinity in vitro. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 34: 13-14. Sudhir, P., and Murthy, S. D. S. 2004. Effects of salt stress on basic processes of photosynthesis. Photosynthetica 48: 481-486. Turner, N. C. 1981. Techniques and experimental approaches for the measurement of plant water status. Plant and Soil 58: 339-366.